1	The Evolution of the Net: Predicting Global Infrastructure
2	Art of Physical Architecture
3	Art of Logical Architecture
4	The Evolution of the Net Niels Bohr on Quantum Theory “Prediction is very Difficult, especially about the Future”
5	THE THIRD WAVE OF NET EVOLUTION
6	Computer Science and Infrastructure Transparent Federation across Sources Generic Protocols for Global Infrastructure Ultimate Goal is cyberspace visions of “being one with all the world’s knowledge”
7	Computer Science and Infrastructure 1985 Operating Systems caching 1995 Database Management tagging 2005 Information Retrieval clustering 2015 Artificial Intelligence recognizing
8	Linguistics Levels and Universal Units 1985 Syntax Files (wholes) 1995 Structure Records (parts) 2005 Semantics Concepts (meaning) 2015 Pragmatics Features (reality)
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11	1985 Syntax Federation Same Query into Multiple Sources Results return Uniform Packages Packets are for Bits, but Objects need more Information Units are for Database Items
12	1985 Technology Environment CMU Computer Science – Andrew Apollo Domain – distributed file system Xerox Star – multimedia document system Bellcore Network Systems – Fibers Telenet – International Packet Switches Dialog – Bibliographic Text Searches
13	Telesophy Prototype Distributed Documents Distributed Collections Multimedia Documents Networked Hypertext Document Browsing (links across sources) Document Search (texts across sources)
14	Telesophy Session
15	Telesophy Implementation Bitmapped Workstation with Custom Software $30K Apollo with 10Mb/s WAN Windows via Brown [hypertext] Objects via Xerox [Smalltalk] Information Units and Data Items 300K Units across 20 sources Bellcore R&D, $2.5M 1984-1988
16	Operating System Research Browsing requires Caching across Internet Raw bandwidth insufficient 200ms Ping versus 250ms Saccade Lookahead Applications Specific Protocols 1987 Internet Research Task Force 1989 ARPANET 20^th Anniversary 1990 Dissertation on Interactive Retrieval
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18	1995 Structure Federation Search using Parts of Documents Transparent merge different Schema Results return Complete Displays Displayers invoked for all types
19	1995 Technology Environment NCSA and the World-Wide Web Mosaic – multimedia document browsing HTTP – standard query protocol University Library and Online Retrieval Ovid – full-text journal searching SGML – standard document protocol
20	DeLIver System Full Distributed Documents Full Displays with tables and equations Distributed Collections from publishers Single Federated Collection Streamlined search using tag structure Canonical tag schema with translation
21	DeLIver Session
22	DeLIver Implementation Desktop PC plus Custom Software Integration $5K IBM Personal Computer Mosaic via NCSA [hypertext] Displays via SoftQuad [viewers] Custom DTD and SSL for tags and styles 100K articles for 3000 users NSF DLI, $5M 1994-1998
23	Database Management Research Metadata Extraction for Structure Federation Raw schema insufficient Different names and different types Author tags in physics vs mathematics 1995 interactive databases using Mosaic 1997 Beat Elsevier using canonical tags 1999 production distributed XML federation
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25	2005 Semantic Federation Search using Concepts above Words Extraction of Concepts from Documents Statistical Index on Community Collections Concept Navigation across Collections
26	2005 Technology Environment Web Portals and statistical NLP Google – statistical linked contexts NLP – statistical generic parsers Fast Processors and Big Disks Gigaflops – Beowulfs and cluster computing Terabytes – RAIDs and literature scaling
27	BeeSpace System Fully Parsed Documents Concepts and Entities auto generated Distributed Collections from communities Fully Related Concepts Switching across Community Repositories Automatic Links to Entity Databases
28	BeeSpace Session
29	BeeSpace Implementation Commodity PC plus Custom Software $1K Dell Personal Computer $15K Server 1 Gflops 2 TBytes Semantic Indexing generic scalable Concept Extraction and Normalization Concept Co-occurrence on Collections 50M articles across 50K repositories
30	Information Retrieval Research Statistical Clustering Equivalent Phrases Raw phrases insufficient Phrase parsing with normalization Entity recognition with normalization 1998 semantic indexing (concepts from terms) 1999 information spaceflight (categories from documents)
31	CONCEPT SPACES from Objects to Concepts from Syntax to Semantics Infrastructure is Interaction with Abstraction
32	LEVELS OF INDEXES
33	Technology Trends IEEE Computer for January 2002 Information Infrastructure for Trends issue Document Representation (Semantic Web) Language Parsing (TIPSTER) Statistical Indexing (TREC) Peer-Peer Networking (SETI@home) Vocabulary Switching (UMLS)
34	SCALABLE SEMANTICS Automatic indexing Domain-Independent indexing Statistical clustering Compute Context of concepts within documents documents within repositories
35	COMPUTING CONCEPTS
36	SIMULATING A NEW WORLD Obtain discipline-scale collection MEDLINE from NLM, 10M bibliographic abstracts human classification: Medical Subject Headings Partition discipline into Community Repositories 4 core terms per abstract for MeSH classification 32K nodes with core terms (classification tree) Community is all abstracts classified by core term 40M abstracts containing 280M concepts concept spaces took 2 days on NCSA Origin 2000 Simulating World of Medical Communities 10K repositories with > 1K abstracts (1K w/ > 10K)
37	COMMUNITY PROCESSING
38	INTERSPACE NAVIGATION Semantic Indexes for Community Repositories Navigating Abstractions within Repository concept space & category map Interactive browsing by Community experts *www.canis.uiuc.edu/interspace-prototype
39	Interspace Remote Access Client
40	Navigation in MEDSPACE For a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Find a drug that reduces the pain (analgesic) but does not cause stomach (gastrointestinal) bleeding
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42	Concept Navigation
43	Retrieve Document
44	Navigate Document
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46	Concept Navigation
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48	SWITCHING In the Interspace… each Community maintains its own repository Switching is navigating Across repositories use your vocabulary to search another specialty
49	CONCEPT SWITCHING “Concept” versus “Term” set of “semantically” equivalent terms Concept switching region to region (set to set) match
50	Biomedical Session
51	Categories and Concepts
52	Concept Switching
53	Document Retrieval
54	THE NET OF THE 21st CENTURY Beyond Objects to Concepts Beyond Search to Analysis Problem Solving via Cross-Correlating Multimedia Information across the Net Every community has its own special library Every community does semantic indexing The Interspace approximates Cyberspace
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56	2015 Pragmatics Federation Beyond Words and Concepts to Reality Feature Vectors describing Situation Each Individual has Vector (< Community) Discrete Samples into Continuous Monitors
57	2015 Technology Environment Continuous Vector Recording Health Grid – personal lifestyle monitors Peer-to-Peer – beyond Napster and Amazon Individual User Modeling Cohort Grouping – custom clustering Adaptable Interfaces – multiple levels
58	Lifestyle Monitor System Continuous Monitoring Adaptive Questionnaires full-spectrum Distributed Collections from individuals Situational Analysis Structured Vectors custom for Individuals Population Cohorts for Decision Support
59	Lifestyle Monitor Questions
60	Lifestyle Monitor Session
61	Artificial Intelligence Research Structured Vectors Individual customized Raw concepts insufficient Adaptive Concepts for individual situations Structured Vectors for cohort clustering Situational Analysis infrastructure support 2007 Internet Health Monitors prototypes 2011 Population Health Monitors for chronic illness regionally deployed
62	THE DISTRIBUTED WORLD Community Repositories in the Interspace Peer to Peer Networking Infrastructure Every Person performs Every Role
63	FEATURE VECTORS from Concepts to Features from Semantics to Pragmatics Infrastructure is Interaction with Abstraction
64	Towards the Intermind Beyond Concepts to Features Beyond Analysis to Synthesis Problem Solving via Cross-Correlating Universal Knowledge across the Net Every individual has its own special vector Every viewpoint does semantic clustering The Intermind is true Cyberspace
65	Today the Hive Tomorrow the HiveMind